Similarly, the values of condition index k, relative gut length rgl and hepatosomatic index hsi had no significant differences between groups. Studies on the fecundity f, gonadosomatic index gsi. Pdf studies on length weight relationship, condition. The gonadosomatic index, abbreviated as gsi, is the calculation of the gonad mass as a proportion of the total body mass. Oleaginous yeast as a component in fish feed scientific reports. Each month, at least 10 female broodfish were sacrificed to collect liver, ovary and blood for hsi, gsi and plasma e 2. The biomarkers that were investigated were the hepatosomatic index hsi, 7ethoxyresorufinodeethylase erod activity and glutathionestransferase gst activity. Measuring fish condition has become a standard practice in. This is reported in terms of gonadosomatic index which express the relative change in. Liver somatic index lsi of the treatment and control group were respectively 1. The highest values of gonadosomatic index for females are seen in the months of october, april and june during 199899. Hsi is defined as liver weight and fish weight ratio.
Condition factor and hepatosomatic index as estimates of energy. The use of hepatic and somatic indices and histological. Materials and methods this study was performed in recirculating systems, each consisting of four 20 l plastic tanks. The chinchilla testis has a high seminiferous tubule volume and density leal and franca, 2008. The hepatosomatic indices of fish treated with the three doses of aluminium sulphate were higher compared to the control group. Moisture of the liver and gonads was removed with the help of blotting paper and then weight of liver and gonads was recorded in grams. Determination of liver somatic index lsi and gonadosomatic. This index is frequently used as reporting point in oecd test guideline. Since mercury is known to bioaccumulate, top level predators are. Feb 02, 2009 hepatosomatic index hsi is defined as the ratio of liver weight to body weight. The present study investigates the response of three hepatic biomarkers in adult sea bass dicentrarchus labrax, linnaeus 1758 caged at a wastewater outlet of an oil refinery with fish caged at a pristine site used as controls. To determine hsi, liver weights were determined using the formula. K 100 x w l3 bagenal, 1978 where, k condition factor, w total body weight gm, l standard length cm hepatosomatic index hsi was determined htunhun, 1978 as. Hsi has been reported to decrease in fish exposed to high concentrations of cadmium and zinc.
Biological sampling macroscopic biological indices year samples fish n sampled sex. Fish and fisheriesbiologists often require estimates of energy status of a given individual fish and, depending on circumstances, techniques for making such. The effects of growth performance and organosomatic indices. Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices of freshwater. Pdf studies on length weight relationship, condition factor. Activities of liver trypsin, intestinal trypsin, liver amylase. Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices of the freshwater fish notopterus notopterus pallas in response to some heavy metal exposure. Seasonal changes in hepatosomatic index, gonadosomatic. Pdf the selection of viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic. E 2 level in female rabbit fish siganus guttatus were investigated. Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices of freshwater fish oreochromis mossambicus in response to a plant nutrient article pdf available january 20 with 2,340 reads how we measure reads. Information on the reproductive biology of some economically important fish species which. The hepatosomatic index hsi is a widely known as bioindicator of contaminant exposure goede and barton, 1990.
The percentage of splenic tissue occupied by macrophage aggregates and hepatosomatic index hsi were evaluated in rock bass ambloplites rupestris from burlington harbor, vermont. Camparing histology and gonadosomatic index for determining spawing condition of small bodied riverine fishes. Effects of enzymatically hydrolyzed fish byproducts in diet. In order to complete the task present study was undertaken to trace accurately spawning period of c. The lowest hepatosomatic indices were observed in fish fed the 25 and 50% yellow mealworm replacement diets. Hepatosomatic index hsi is defined as the ratio of liver weight to body weight. The quality of feed can be improved by fermenting feedstuffs and supplementing with feed additives. Variation from an expected weight for a given length may be due to nutrition, environmental quality, or stage of. Seasonal cycles in weight and condition in atlantic cod. A ttest indicated that there was no significant evidence of a difference for cell counts using imagej. Bioindicators at the level of the individual fish included in this assessment are the biomarkers. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of hormone pmsg on gonadosomatic index gsi and hepatosomatic index hsi. Comparing histology and gonadosomatic index for determining spawning condition of smallbodied riverine fishes. The testes are relatively large weir, 1974, and the gonadosomatic index testes massbody weight in the adult chinchilla is relatively high compared to most mammals, but is similar to rats and mice leal and franca, 2008.
Oogenesis, hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic indexes, and. Rosy barbs were reared from one batch of eggs in aquaria at 27r1qc, and larvae were stocked at 5 larvael. Similarly, higher gonadosomatic index peaks were seen at july, october, february and june during 19992000. The effects of astaxanthin on certain liver and blood parameters of rainbow trout o. But no significant difference was found among the fish fed con, tbb 12.
Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices of freshwater fish. The scientific management for obtaining high yield of fish production eventually calls the adequate and in depth study of breeding mechanism. The k chart later in this note indicates the relationship between salmonid length and weight. In 1992, fish collected from the inner burlington harbor area had a significantly greater percentage of splenic tissue occupied by macrophage aggregates and greater hsi than did fish from reference sites. One of the hormones that can be used is pregnant mare serum gonadotropin pmsg and antidopamine with. The liver has a role in the ovarian development, therefore, the hepatosomatic index was correlated with gonadosomatic index. Gsi is the persentage of gonad weight and fish weight ratio including gonads that expressed gonadal changes quantitatively 14. Therefore, sampling bias towards actively feeding fish is not likely to be a concern in this study.
Cf of con was significantly higher than tbb 12 and tbb 50 diets. Variations in hepatosomatic index hsi and gonadosomatic index gsi in fish heteropneustes fossilis exposed to higher sublethal concentration to arsenic and copper the effect of sub lethal concentration 1. Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices of the freshwater. Oct 29, 2018 while there are a number of reports on utilising yeasts as a protein source in fish feed e.
It is a tool for measuring the sexual maturity of animals in correlation to ovary development and testes development. Oogenesis, hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic indexes, and sex. Condition factor and hepatosomatic index as estimates of. Studies on the fecundity f, gonadosomatic index gsi and. Preparatory phase gonadosomatic index of fish increases with maturation being maximum during peak period of maturity and abruptly. Activities of liver trypsin, intestinal trypsin, liver amylase, intestinal amylase, intestinal lipase, and starch digestibility in fish fed am. Studies on length weight relationship, condition factor. Hepatic tissue of 6 controls and 5 ee2 individuals was analyzed using histology to record hepatocyte counts, hepatosomatic index and structural differences. Also, the hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices values are used to determine the fish health status where an increase in the hepatosomatic index is an indication of the energy reserve in fish. Tag, hepatoprotective effect of mulberry morus nigra leaves extract against methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rat, in bmc complementary and alternative medicine. Jan 22, 2019 there was no significant difference in hepatosomatic index hsi.
Reproductive aspects in addition to condition factor, gonadosomatic index gsi and hepatosomatic index hsi were analyzed based on weight of the body length, total body weight and organ weights of the fish. The hepatosomatic index of the fish was determined by the use of equation cited by parmeswaran 1974. In a poor environment, fish usually have a smaller liver with less energy reserved in the liver. The relationship between plasma e 2 levels with these indices and ovarian growth was also evaluated. Variations in hepatosomatic index hsi and gonadosomatic. Evaluation of growth performance of tilapia oreochromis. The results obtained indicated adverse effects on the gonads as well as on liver weight. Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices of freshwater fish oreochromis mossambicus in response to a plant nutrient.
Biomarkers and bioindicators of the environmental condition. At the end of the feeding trial the viscerosomatic index vsi and hepatosomatic index hsi were analyzed based on total body weight and organ weights of the fish. There was no significant difference in hepatosomatic index hsi. A number of issues have been raised about fultons k index as a measure of fish health, ranging from inaccurate representations of the length weight relationships to biased estimates for fishes. It is the ratio of fish gonad weight to body weight, it is particularly helpful in identifying days and seasons of spawning, as the. Compared with hsi in teleostean fishes, the index was remarkably high in these holocephalian fishes. After calculating the % of gsi the period of maturity of fish was divided into following stages quyyam and quasim, 1961 ophiocephalus puntatus. Evaluation of pmsg oodev application on hepatosomatic and. It provides an indication on status of energy reserve in an animal. In general, hormonal induction commonly used for the efficiency of female parent utilization and enhancement quality and quantity of fish fry. The selection of viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic issn.
The seasonal changes in hepatosomatic index hsi, gonadosomatic index gsi and plasma estradiol. This study aims to determine the effect of supplementation of lumbricus sp. At the end of the trial, hepatosomatic index hsi and viscerosomatic index vsi were calculated. Gonadosomatic index gsi, hepatosomatic index hsi and. While there are a number of reports on utilising yeasts as a protein source in fish feed e. Materials and methods the test fish heteropneustes fossilis. The regression coefficient for macrognathus aral juveniles and males were found to be lower than 3 indicating negative allometric pattern of growth where as in females it was greater than 3 suggesting positive allometric growth. Apart from biochemical composition of fish, various indices such as condition factor k, hepatosomatic index hsi and gonadosomatic index gsi play an important role to provide initial clue about the health condition of fish. Fish reproductive investment is the result of essential life.
These fish feeds were isonitrogenus 30 g 100 g1 and isocaloric 4 kcal g1 in nature. Nickell, in feed and feeding practices in aquaculture, 2015. Health assessment and histopathologic analyses of fish. Apart from biochemical composition of fish, various indices such as condition factor k, hepatosomatic index hsi and gonadosomatic index gsi play an important role to. The effects of growth performance and organosomatic. Abstract snakehead fish channa striata is a freshwater fish commodities that have high economic value, while their needs depend on natural catching. Pdf gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices of freshwater. Environmental and experimental studies of aluminium. Seasonal changes in hepatosomatic index, gonadosomatic index.
Puntius conchonius, oogenesis, sex ratio, hepatosomatic index, gonadosomatic index, histology. Ee2 exposure on the hepatosomatic index and liver composition of adult danio rerio. The hsi was calculated according to the method of rajaguru, 1992 17 by determining the weight of hepatopancreas as a percentage of the total live. Seasonal changes in condition, hepatosomatic index and. Gonadosomatic index an overview sciencedirect topics. Somatic and total condition index the broodstock from each treatment were sampled on a monthly basis. Studies on length weight relationship, condition factor and. Study on the seasonal variation in the chemical composition. Effects of enzymatically hydrolyzed fish byproducts in. A number of issues have been raised about fultons kindex as a measure of fish health, ranging from inaccurate representations of the length weight relationships to biased estimates for fishes. Condition factor of the specimens were determined by using the formula. Gonadosomatic index which is an index of gonad size relative to fish size is a good indicator of gonadal development in fish 2 the percentage of body weight of fish that is used for production of eggs is determined by the gonadosomatic index. Condition factor and hepatosomatic index as estimates of energy status in male three. Fish body weight and weight of gonad gives the gonadosomatic index g.
Because the liver is so important in detoxification, exposure to contaminants can lead to an increase in liver size from hypertrophy an increase in size, hyperplasia an increase in number. Oreochromis mossambicus micronutrient hepatosomatic index gonadosomatic index. K 100 x w l3 bagenal, 1978 where, k condition factor, w total body weight gm, l standard length cm hepatosomatic index hsi was determined htunhun, 1978. The chinchilla testis has a high seminiferous tubule volume and. Liver somatic indexlsi was a comparison between the liver weight and the body weight of the fish multipled by 100. Study of gonadosomatic index of cyprinid fish, salmostoma. The selection of viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic issn 2347. This study found that the hepatosomatic index and serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase enzyme were significantly lower in fishfed astaxanthin.
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